During World War II (WWII), anthrax bombs were exploded over sheep on a small Scottish island Gruinard by the British Forces. It is on record that anthrax continued to contaminate the island forty years after. Anthrax is more frightening and kills quickly. Although the British flooded the Island with three hundred tons of Formaldehyde solution, it is on record that it still took over four years for the island to be totally decontaminated and free and clean for human visit. RA Clarke and RP Eddy in 2017 reported a case in 1989 in which Russia biological weapons program published a paper describing the process of blending different strains of anthrax into SUPERSTRAIN ANTHRAX that is more resistant to treatments or application of vaccines.

In 1992, Aum Shinrikyo cult group managed to obtain a strain of anthrax from a black market and used that to build a shoddy laboratory where they created copious amount of a slurry infused with anthrax which the tested its lethality in 1993 by spraying it from a rooftop in a crowded village in Tokyo. Fortunately for the innocent villagers, Aum Shinrikyo had mistakenly obtained veterinary vaccination strain of anthrax that posed no harm to the villagers. The question is, how are the villages in Africa protected? A better intelligence capability and public health surveillance-and-response system is primarily necessary to protect Africa against man-made virus.